[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent="no" hundred_percent_height="no" hundred_percent_height_scroll="no" hundred_percent_height_center_content="yes" equal_height_columns="no" menu_anchor="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" status="published" publish_date="" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_position="center center" background_repeat="no-repeat" fade="no" background_parallax="none" enable_mobile="no" parallax_speed="0.3" video_mp4="" video_webm="" video_ogv="" video_url="" video_aspect_ratio="16:9" video_loop="yes" video_mute="yes" video_preview_image="" border_size="" border_color="" border_style="solid" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" admin_label="pb" admin_toggled="no"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="2_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_imageframe image_id="58551|full" max_width="" style_type="" blur="" stylecolor="" hover_type="none" bordersize="" bordercolor="" borderradius="" align="none" lightbox="no" gallery_id="" lightbox_image="" lightbox_image_id="" alt="" link="" linktarget="_self" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset=""]https://cel-uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/pb.png[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Lead Acid (Pb) Typical cell voltage 2V (in packs of 3-6 cells) Cost per KWh ~ £8.50 Slow charge ~300 to 500 recharge cycles. Lead-acid batteries, invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté, are the oldest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having the second lowest energy-to-weight ratio (next to the nickel-iron battery) and a correspondingly low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. Lead acid batteries remain the technology of choice for automotive applications because they are robust, tolerant to abuse, tried and tested and because of their low cost. Lead-acid batteries are composed of a Lead-dioxide cathode, a sponge metallic Lead anode and a Sulphuric acid solution electrolyte. This heavy metal element makes them toxic and improper disposal can be hazardous to the environment. Even after 140 years since its invention, improvements are still being made to the lead acid battery and despite its shortcomings and the competition from newer cell chemistries the lead acid battery still retains the lion's share of the high power battery market. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Advantages Reliable. Over 140 years of development, familiar to the majority. When properly maintained can last for 10 years or more. Robust. Tolerant to abuse. Tolerant to overcharging. Low internal impedance. Can deliver very high currents. Indefinite shelf life if stored without electrolyte. Can be left on trickle or float charge for prolonged periods. Wide range of sizes and capacities available. Many suppliers world wide. The world's most recycled product. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="2_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Disadvantages Very heavy and bulky. Danger of overheating during charging Not suitable for fast charging Must be stored in a charged state once the electrolyte has been introduced to avoid deterioration of the active chemicals. Completely discharging the battery may cause irreparable damage. Toxic chemicals Very heavy and bulky Lower temperature limit -15 °C [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_1" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Guidelines for prolonging battery life in lead acid batteries Do not completely discharge the battery, around 75% is good before recharging. CEL products will automatically stop the battery from over discharge. Charge immediately after use., this creates the best balance for the chemicals in the cell. Always ensure adequate ventilation when charging a lead-acid battery. The charging process can give off hydrogen gas, which if allowed to build up in an enclosed area, is highly explosive. For best results while charging a temperature bandwidth of 10°C and 30°C (50°F and 86°F) is recommended. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent="no" hundred_percent_height="no" hundred_percent_height_scroll="no" hundred_percent_height_center_content="yes" equal_height_columns="no" menu_anchor="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" status="published" publish_date="" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_position="center center" background_repeat="no-repeat" fade="no" background_parallax="none" enable_mobile="no" parallax_speed="0.3" video_mp4="" video_webm="" video_ogv="" video_url="" video_aspect_ratio="16:9" video_loop="yes" video_mute="yes" video_preview_image="" border_size="" border_color="" border_style="solid" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" admin_label="li-ion" admin_toggled="no"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="2_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_imageframe image_id="58553|full" max_width="" style_type="" blur="" stylecolor="" hover_type="none" bordersize="" bordercolor="" borderradius="" align="none" lightbox="no" gallery_id="" lightbox_image="" lightbox_image_id="" alt="" link="" linktarget="_self" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset=""]https://cel-uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/li-ion.png[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Lithium Ion (Li-ion) Typical cell voltage 3.6V (more voltage in a smaller cell than other batteries) Cost per KWh ~ £24.00 Very fast charge ~1200 recharge cycles. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Advantages Li-ion batteries are lighter than other equivalent secondary batteries—often much lighter. The energy is stored in these batteries through the movement of lithium ions. Li-ion batteries do not suffer from the memory effect common with other batteries. They also have a low self-discharge rate of approximately 5% per month, compared with between 10 and 30% per month in other batteries. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="2_3" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Disadvantages Protection circuits required. Li-ion batteries are not as durable as nickel metal hydride or nickel-cadmium designs, and can be extremely dangerous if mistreated. They may explode if overheated or if charged to an excessively high voltage. Cells can be irreversibly damaged if discharged below a certain voltage. To reduce these risks, li-ion batteries generally contain a small circuit that shuts down the battery when discharged below a certain threshold (typically 3 V) or charged above a certain limit (typically 4.2 V). It is also common to have a Temperature protection circuit which will disable the battery so it can cool down (typically around 70°C). This circuit adds to the cost of lithium-ion batteries, which is usually higher than that of comparable-capacity NiMH or NiCD batteries. The circuit can be damaged by impact. A cell that is allowed to fall below 3V can be permanently damaged. Because of the protection circuit this would not be possible under normal use but the charge in stored batteries should be refreshed regularly due to self-discharge.. A unique drawback of the Li-ion battery is that its service life is dependent upon aging (shelf life). From time of manufacturing, regardless of whether it was charged or the number of charge/discharge cycles, the battery will decline slowly and predictably in "capacity". This means an older battery will not last as long as a new battery due solely to its age, unlike other batteries. This is due to an increase in internal resistance, which affects its ability to deliver current, thus the problem is more pronounced in high-current applications than low. This drawback is not widely published. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_1" spacing="" center_content="no" link="" target="_self" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" hover_type="none" border_size="0" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_speed="0.3" animation_offset="" last="no"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Guidelines for prolonging battery life in li-ion batteries Like many rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries should be charged early and often. Lithium-ion batteries should not be frequently fully discharged and recharged ("deep-cycled"), but this may be necessary after about every 30th recharge to recalibrate any electronic charge monitor (e.g. a battery meter). This allows the monitoring electronics to more accurately estimate battery charge. This has nothing to do with the memory effect. Good practice would be to place the battery on charge during any break in work and to cycle through several batteries in this way. Charging a stored battery at least once every 3 months will prevent damage due to self discharge. Li-ion batteries should be kept cool. Ideally they are stored in a refrigerator. Aging will take its toll much faster at high temperatures. The high temperatures found in cars cause lithium-ion batteries to degrade rapidly. Li-ion batteries should not be frozen(most lithium-ion battery electrolytes freeze at approximately −40 °C; however, this is much colder than the lowest temperature reached by household freezers). [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent="no" equal_height_columns="no" menu_anchor="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" background_color="" background_image="" background_position="center center" background_repeat="no-repeat" fade="no" background_parallax="none" parallax_speed="0.3" video_mp4="" video_webm="" video_ogv="" video_url="" video_aspect_ratio="16:9" video_loop="yes" video_mute="yes" overlay_color="" video_preview_image="" border_size="" border_color="" border_style="solid" padding_top="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" padding_right=""][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_1" background_position="left top" background_color="" border_size="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_position="all" spacing="yes" background_image="" background_repeat="no-repeat" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" margin_top="0px" margin_bottom="0px" class="" id="" animation_type="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_direction="left" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" center_content="no" last="no" min_height="" hover_type="none" link=""][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] All materials have different requirements for drying. Keeping them dry ensures that print results are predictable and consistent. This is the beginning of a filament drying How To. Please use this forum area to discuss. [/fusion_text][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] Filament can be dried in a conventional oven at the below temperatures, but beware that the thermostatic control of domestic ovens (in particular ‘toaster ovens’) can be wildly inaccurate and therefore we would always recommend checking your device in order to prevent damage to your filament. Robox® SmartReels themselves can cope with 80°C (175°F), with the newer versions capable of 100°C (210°F) (i.e. those used for PC/PA) before damage/deformation occurs. There are a couple of consumer-level solutions on the market for drying filament e.g. PrintDry, but it is only suitable for the lower temperature materials as it has a maximum temperature of 70°C (160°F). Please see below for recommended drying temperatures of Robox® SmartReel™ materials: 70°C (160°F) for 12 hours - PolyFlex™ (TPU), CO-PET, PETG, PolyWood™ 80°C (175°F) for 12 hours - PLA, ABS, PVOH, HIPS, PolySupport™ 90°C (195°F) for 12 hours - PolyMax™ and PolyPlus™ PC, PolyMide™ CoPA, NYLFORCE™ PA-CF and PA-GF [/fusion_text][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="default" rule_size="" rule_color="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id=""] To keep the material dry it is important to store it correctly. A sealed bag is a minimum but a dedicated storage solution is ideal. [/fusion_text][fusion_woo_shortcodes][product id="" sku="CEL-DB1"][/fusion_woo_shortcodes][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

FAQs – CEL-UK

RoboxDual Specifications

External Dimensions 410 x 340 x 240mm (16.1 x 13.4 x 9.4″) Build Volume 210 x 150 x 100mm (8.3 x 5.9 x 3.9″) Layer [...]

By Pete|2019-11-22T16:45:34+00:00November 22nd, 2019|RoboxDual|Comments Off

RoboxPRO Specifications

External Dimensions 513 x 508 x 605 mm (20.2 x 20 x 23.8″) Build Volume 210 x 300 x 400 mm (8.3 x 11.8 x 15.7″) [...]

By Pete|2019-11-22T16:45:54+00:00November 22nd, 2019|RoboxPRO|Comments Off

AutoMaker

By Pete|2019-09-27T11:34:01+01:00September 27th, 2019|Innovation|0 Comments

Mains Power AC 240V / 110V

Mains Power AC 240V / 110V Typical voltage 240V or 110V Cost per KWh ~£0.12 Mains power varies in voltage globally. Most countries use a voltage within one of [...]

By Pete|2019-07-30T10:55:40+01:00July 25th, 2019|Battery Types|Comments Off

Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd)

Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) Typical cell voltage 1.2V Cost per KWh ~ £7.50 Fast charge then slow charge to maintain, recharge cycles ~1200 NiCd battery can supply high surge currents, this [...]

By Pete|2021-04-27T11:30:47+01:00July 25th, 2019|Battery Types|0 Comments

Lead Acid (Pb)

Lead Acid (Pb) Typical cell voltage 2V (in packs of 3-6 cells) Cost per KWh ~ £8.50 Slow charge ~300 to 500 recharge cycles. Lead-acid batteries, invented in 1859 [...]

By Pete|2019-07-25T14:17:14+01:00July 25th, 2019|Battery Types|0 Comments

Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)

Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) Typical cell voltage 1.2V Cost per KWh ~ £18.50 Fast charge with slow charge to full capacity ~500 recharge cycles . Advantages NiMH [...]

By Pete|2019-07-25T15:10:36+01:00July 25th, 2019|Battery Types|0 Comments

Lithium Ion (Li-ion)

Lithium Ion (Li-ion) Typical cell voltage 3.6V (more voltage in a smaller cell than other batteries) Cost per KWh ~ £24.00 Very fast charge ~1200 recharge cycles. [...]

By Pete|2019-07-25T14:48:47+01:00July 25th, 2019|Battery Types|0 Comments

Filament Drying

All materials have different requirements for drying. Keeping them dry ensures that print results are predictable and consistent. This is the beginning of a filament drying How To. Please [...]

By Pete|2019-05-13T09:32:51+01:00May 13th, 2019|How To|Comments Off

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